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Zimbabwean constitutional referendum, 2000
A constitutional referendum was held in Zimbabwe on 12–13 February 2000. The proposed new Constitution of Zimbabwe, which had been drafted by a Constitutional Convention the previous year, was defeated. The defeat was unexpected and was taken as a personal rebuff for President Robert Mugabe and a political triumph for the newly formed opposition group, the Movement for Democratic Change. The new proposed constitution was notable for giving power to the government to seize farms owned by white farmers, without compensation, and transfer them to black farm owners as part of a scheme of land reform.
==Background==
The constitution of Zimbabwe had been drawn up as part of the Lancaster House Agreement of 1979 and had served the country for nearly 20 years. There was a widespread feeling in Zimbabwe that it was too heavily influenced by the country's colonial past, and that a new constitution written in the light of the experience of independence was desirable. Accordingly, on 21 May 1999, President Mugabe announced the convening of a Constitutional Convention to draft such a constitution fit for the country. The chairman of the commission was a senior judge, Godfrey Chidyausiku. 396 people were named to the convention, including all 150 members of the House of Assembly; some previous opponents of the government were included among the 246 other members, such as Professor Jonathan Moyo.〔(Members of the commission ) (Web.archive.org)〕
Over August and September the Convention held more than 5,000 meetings with local people and groups in Zimbabwe, with many seeing concerns voiced over granting of more powers to the executive Presidency. There had already arisen a community group called the National Constitutional Assembly (formed 1997) which convened a "People's Constitutional Convention" in Chitungwiza in June 1999.〔(What is the NCA? ) (National Constitutional Assembly)〕 4,000 attended this gathering.〔"International: Your rights or ours?", ''The Economist'', 26 June 1999, p. 54.〕 The perceived success of this group was a critical part in the decision to form the Movement for Democratic Change.
At the Convention's final meeting on 29 November, Justice Chidyausiku announced that the proposed constitution had been adopted "by acclamation" and did not call for a vote. There was some dissent within the room, with dissenters arguing that the proposed constitution did not represent the opinions of Zimbabweans on issues such as Presidential powers.〔"Zimbabwe in uproar over constitution draft without a vote", ''Daily Mail'', 1 December 1999, p. 38.〕 Opponents argued that the Executive Presidency should be replaced with a Prime Minister accountable to Parliament,〔"Zimbabweans put no trust in referendum", ''Financial Times'', 11 February 2000, p. 13.〕 and a titular and not executive President.
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